Database

Initialization

import { getDatabase } from "firebase/database";

const database = getDatabase();

Connect to the Emulator Suite

import { getDatabase, useDatabaseEmulator } from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
if (location.hostname === "localhost") {
  // Point to the RTDB emulator running on localhost.
  useDatabaseEmulator(db, "localhost", 9000);
} 

Flush the data in the Emulator Suite

import { getDatabase, ref, set } from "firebase/database";

// With a database Reference, write null to clear the database.
const db = getDatabase();
set(ref(db), null);

Sharding

import { initializeApp } from "firebase/app";
import { getDatabase } from "firebase/database";

const app1 = initializeApp({
  databaseURL: "https://testapp-1234-1.firebaseio.com"
});

const app2 = initializeApp({
  databaseURL: "https://testapp-1234-2.firebaseio.com"
}, 'app2');

// Get the default database instance for an app1
const database1 = getDatabase(app1);

// Get a database instance for app2
const database2 = getDatabase(app2);

Create a new object

import { getDatabase, ref, set } from "firebase/database";

function writeUserData(userId, name, email, imageUrl) {
  const db = getDatabase();
  set(ref(db, 'users/' + userId), {
    username: name,
    email: email,
    profile_picture : imageUrl
  });
}

Check for a successful server write

import { getDatabase, ref, set } from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
set(ref(db, 'users/' + userId), {
  username: name,
  email: email,
  profile_picture : imageUrl
})
.then(() => {
  // Data saved successfully!
})
.catch((error) => {
  // The write failed...
});

Listen for realtime updates

import { getDatabase, ref, onValue} from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
const starCountRef = ref(db, 'posts/' + postId + '/starCount');
onValue(starCountRef, (snapshot) => {
  const data = snapshot.val();
  updateStarCount(postElement, data);
});

Read data one time

import { getDatabase, ref, onValue } from "firebase/database";
import { getAuth } from "firebase/auth";

const db = getDatabase();
const auth = getAuth();

const userId = auth.currentUser.uid;
return onValue(ref(db, '/users/' + userId), (snapshot) => {
  const username = (snapshot.val() && snapshot.val().username) || 'Anonymous';
  // ...
}, {
  onlyOnce: true
});

Fan out an object to multiple locations

function writeNewPost(uid, username, picture, title, body) {
  const db = getDatabase();

  // A post entry.
  const postData = {
    author: username,
    uid: uid,
    body: body,
    title: title,
    starCount: 0,
    authorPic: picture
  };

  // Get a key for a new Post.
  const newPostKey = push(child(ref(db), 'posts')).key;

  // Write the new post's data simultaneously in the posts list and the user's post list.
  const updates = {};
  updates['/posts/' + newPostKey] = postData;
  updates['/user-posts/' + uid + '/' + newPostKey] = postData;

  return update(ref(db), updates);
}

Run a transaction

import { getDatabase, ref, runTransaction } from "firebase/database";

function toggleStar(uid) {
  const db = getDatabase();
  const postRef = ref(db, '/posts/foo-bar-123');

  runTransaction(postRef, (post) => {
    if (post) {
      if (post.stars && post.stars[uid]) {
        post.starCount--;
        post.stars[uid] = null;
      } else {
        post.starCount++;
        if (!post.stars) {
          post.stars = {};
        }
        post.stars[uid] = true;
      }
    }
    return post;
  });
}

Add a new value to a list

import { getDatabase, ref, push, set } from "firebase/database";

// Create a new post reference with an auto-generated id
const db = getDatabase();
const postListRef = ref(db, 'posts');
const newPostRef = push(postListRef);
set(newPostRef, {
    // ...
});

Listen to list updates in realtime

import { getDatabase, ref, onValue } from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
const dbRef = ref(db, '/a/b/c');

onValue(dbRef, (snapshot) => {
  snapshot.forEach((childSnapshot) => {
    const childKey = childSnapshot.key;
    const childData = childSnapshot.val();
    // ...
  });
}, {
  onlyOnce: true
});

Listen to child updates in realtime

import { getDatabase, ref, onChildAdded, onChildChanged, onChildRemoved } from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
const commentsRef = ref(db, 'post-comments/' + postId);
onChildAdded(commentsRef, (data) => {
  addCommentElement(postElement, data.key, data.val().text, data.val().author);
});

onChildChanged(commentsRef, (data) => {
  setCommentValues(postElement, data.key, data.val().text, data.val().author);
});

onChildRemoved(commentsRef, (data) => {
  deleteComment(postElement, data.key);
});

Order a list by a child property

import { getDatabase, ref, query, orderByChild } from "firebase/database";
import { getAuth } from "firebase/auth";

const db = getDatabase();
const auth = getAuth();

const myUserId = auth.currentUser.uid;
const topUserPostsRef = query(ref(db, 'user-posts/' + myUserId), orderByChild('starCount'));

Limit the results of a list

import { getDatabase, ref, query, limitToLast } from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
const recentPostsRef = query(ref(db, 'posts'), limitToLast(100));

Detect connection state

import { getDatabase, ref, onValue } from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
const connectedRef = ref(db, ".info/connected");
onValue(connectedRef, (snap) => {
  if (snap.val() === true) {
    console.log("connected");
  } else {
    console.log("not connected");
  }
});

Write data after a client loses connection

import { getDatabase, ref, onDisconnect } from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
const presenceRef = ref(db, "disconnectmessage");
// Write a string when this client loses connection
onDisconnect(presenceRef).set("I disconnected!");

Handle onDisconnect errors

onDisconnect(presenceRef).remove().catch((err) => {
  if (err) {
    console.error("could not establish onDisconnect event", err);
  }
});

Cancel onDisconnect events

const onDisconnectRef = onDisconnect(presenceRef);
onDisconnectRef.set("I disconnected");
// some time later when we change our minds
onDisconnectRef.cancel();

Estimate clock-skew

import { getDatabase, ref, onValue } from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
const offsetRef = ref(db, ".info/serverTimeOffset");
onValue(offsetRef, (snap) => {
  const offset = snap.val();
  const estimatedServerTimeMs = new Date().getTime() + offset;
});

Manage user presence

import { getDatabase, ref, onValue, push, onDisconnect, set, serverTimestamp } from "firebase/database";

// Since I can connect from multiple devices or browser tabs, we store each connection instance separately
// any time that connectionsRef's value is null (i.e. has no children) I am offline
const db = getDatabase();
const myConnectionsRef = ref(db, 'users/joe/connections');

// stores the timestamp of my last disconnect (the last time I was seen online)
const lastOnlineRef = ref(db, 'users/joe/lastOnline');

const connectedRef = ref(db, '.info/connected');
onValue(connectedRef, (snap) => {
  if (snap.val() === true) {
    // We're connected (or reconnected)! Do anything here that should happen only if online (or on reconnect)
    const con = push(myConnectionsRef);

    // When I disconnect, remove this device
    onDisconnect(con).remove();

    // Add this device to my connections list
    // this value could contain info about the device or a timestamp too
    set(con, true);

    // When I disconnect, update the last time I was seen online
    onDisconnect(lastOnlineRef).set(serverTimestamp());
  }
});

Set a server timestamp

import { getDatabase, ref, onDisconnect, serverTimestamp } from "firebase/database";

const db = getDatabase();
const userLastOnlineRef = ref(db, "users/joe/lastOnline");
onDisconnect(userLastOnlineRef).set(serverTimestamp());